Self Quiz Chapter 21: Genetic Basis of Development
1) The first evidence of differentiation is
a
b
c
d
e
A) the occurrence of mRNAs for the production of tissue-specific proteins.
B) determination.
C) cell division.
D) changes resulting from induction.
E) changes in the size and shape of the cell.
2) The process of cellular differentiation is a direct result of
a
b
c
d
e
A) differences in cellular genomes.
B) morphogenesis.
C) cell division.
D) differential gene expression.
E) induction.
3) Which of the following serve as sources of developmental information?
a
b
c
d
e
A) cytoplasmic determinants such as mRNAs and proteins produced before fertilization
B) signal molecules produced by neighboring cells
C) tissue-specific proteins
D) A and B are correct.
E) A, B, and C are correct.
4) Generals map out an overall plan of a war. Colonels determine the plans for specific battles. Majors decide which units will perform each function, and captains determine which soldiers will have which jobs. Given this analogy, gap genes function like
a
b
c
d
e
A) captains.B) generals.C) majors.D) colonels.E) soldiers.
5) Your brother, Todd, has just purchased a new plastic model of an airplane. He removes it from the box and places all the parts on the table in approximately the positions they will finally be located when the model is put together. Todd's actions are analogous to which process in development?
a
b
c
d
e
A) pattern formation
B) morphogenesis
C) induction
D) development
E) differentiation
For the following questions, use the following responses:
A. bicoid gene
B. gap genes
C. pair-rule genes
D. segment-polarity genes
E. homeotic genes
6) Which establishes the overall anterior-posterior axis of the embryo?
a
b
c
d
e
7) Which of the following is LEAST related to the others?
a
b
c
d
e
A) maternal effect genes
B) positional information
C) apoptosis
D) egg-polarity genes
E) pattern formation
8) Given the function of the bicoid gene product, if the gene were cloned and large amounts of the product were injected into eggs, which of the following would be TRUE?
a
b
c
d
e
A) The embryos would grow much larger.
B) The embryos would develop normally.
C) The embryos would grow extra wings and legs.
D) The embryos would die and probably show no posterior development.
E) The embryos would die and probably show no anterior development.
9) "Becoming specialized in structure and function" is a definition for
a
b
c
d
e
A) induction.
B) differentiation.
C) pattern formation.
D) development.
E) morphogenesis.
10) Without which of the following processes would all the others be impossible?
a
b
c
d
e
A) morphogenesis
B) activation
C) induction
D) differentiation
E) cell division
11) Which features of the unfertilized egg serve as sources of developmental information?
a
b
c
d
e
A) RNA molecules
B) proteins
C) gradients of small molecules such as calcium ions
D) A and B are correct.
E) A, B, and C are correct.
12) The cloning of a plant from somatic cells is consistent with the view that
a
b
c
d
e
A) differentiated cells contain masked mRNA.
B) the differentiated state is normally very unstable.
C) genese are lost during differentiation.
D) differentiated cells retain all the genes of the zygote.
E) cells can be easily reprogrammed to differentiate and develop into another kind of cell.
13) Suppose a mutation occurred in Drosophila in the region of DNA that codes for the protein called bicoid. What is most likely to happen during development?
a
b
c
d
e
A) The embryos will express their father's genotype.
B) Two sets of limbs will form in a mirror-image arrangement.
C) The polarity of the fertilized egg will be disrupted.
D) The transcription of developmental genes will stop.
E) The fertilized egg will be bipolar.
14) One striking difference between development in plants and development in animals is the importance of cell in animal embryos.
a
b
c
d
e
A) growth
B) division
C) differentiation
D) death
E) movement
15) Why is a 180-nucleotide sequence in many developmental genes called a homeobox?
a
b
c
d
e
A) because it contains no introns
B) because it reads the same forwards as backwards
C) because when it was first cloned, it could only be inserted into a bacterial plasmid called "box"
D) because virtually the same sequence is found in every homeotic gene
E) because it was first cloned by Dr. H. O. Meobox